Charolaise: he neat “Charolais” reaches in a very short time the sexual maturity and is very fat and fecund: these characteristics have meant that the spread of the breed was wide an appreciated, particularly considering that, since the meat animals there is always the need for new capes to be conducted to the slaughterhouse.
Frisona: the objective of selection of Italian Friesian is manifold:
improve the quality of the milk , which is the protein content and fat suitable for fresh consumption and suitable for cheese making , increase the amount of milk , meaning kg protein and improve the functional longevity of the animal.
Jersey: There are three methods of selection:
oriented selection:
The selection aims to shift the average breeding in a certain sense , this may occur to increase the live weight of the animals in the stable at a certain age ; to achieve the purpose are mated individuals phenotypically heavier at that age , like similar pair , with the cessation of the character selection back at the initial stage .
stabilizing selection:
It uses this kind of selection when it wants to reduce the variability of the character around the mean value , individuals may be coupled to do the intermediates or the extremes in the opposite direction , ie upwards with high, heavy with heavy or medium types .
disruptive selection:
In this type of selection of individuals chosen are the extremes , but are mated similar to similar example with low low, high with high, etc. the selection is called disruptive because the population tends to be divided into many sub populations ; is used in this type of selection when it operates separately for more characters then proceeds at intersections
Pezzata Rossa: National Association Simmental Breeders Italian promotes genetic improvement placing the goals that concern the production of milk with average of 60 quintals per lactation , and protein 3.5% , fertility with age at first birth of 24-25 months , easy parts , calving Average of 12 months
Bruna: The genetic improvement by an association called Anarb ( National Association breeders breed brown ) led to the Italian race more protein, conformation and longevity .
The protein has improved from 3.50% ( average Italian ) to 3.69% (data taken from the 20 best breeders who are dedicated to this breed ).
GLOSSARY:
-breed(razza) = a lineage of population;
-spread(diffondersi) = a spread of breed;
-meat animals(animale da carne) = animals to product meat;
-slaughterhouse(macello) = place where they kill the animals;
-manifold(molteplice) = more elements;
-suitable(adatto/adeguato) = suitable for a something;
-achieve(realizzare) = achieve a objective;
-purpose(scopo/obiettivo) = purpose to be achieved;
-goal(obiettivo) = purpose to be achieved;
-concern(interesse) = interest in something;
-calving(parto di un bovino) = when a cow lie in;
-average(medio) = a statistics;
-improve(migliorare) = make better;
-breeder(allevatore) = who raises animals.
